The “d- and f-Block Elements” chapter in the Class 12 NCERT Chemistry textbook delves into the properties and characteristics of transition and inner-transition elements. Here’s a breakdown of the key concepts:
d-Block Elements (Transition Elements):
- General Characteristics:
- These elements occupy the middle of the periodic table, from groups 3 to 12.
- Their general electronic configuration is (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns¹⁻².
- They exhibit variable oxidation states, form colored ions, and often act as catalysts.
- They tend to form complex compounds.
- They have high melting and boiling points.
- Key Concepts:
- Electronic configurations and their relationship to properties.
- Oxidation states and trends.
- Trends in atomic radii and ionization enthalpies.
- Magnetic properties (paramagnetism and diamagnetism).
- Catalytic properties.
- Lanthanoid contraction, and it’s effects.
- Formation of interstitial compounds.
f-Block Elements (Inner Transition Elements):
- General Characteristics:
- These elements are located at the bottom of the periodic table and are divided into lanthanoids and actinoids.
- Their general electronic configuration is (n-2)f¹⁻¹⁴ (n-1)d⁰⁻¹ ns².
- Lanthanoids and actinoids show similarities within their respective series.
- Key Concepts:
- Lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
- Actinoid chemistry and comparisons with lanthanoids.
- Oxidation states and electronic configurations.
- Radioactivity of Actinoids.
- Applications of both Lanthanoids and Actinoids.
NCERT Solutions’ Significance:
- NCERT solutions provide detailed explanations for the textbook’s exercises, aiding students in understanding the concepts.
- They help students grasp the reasoning behind the trends and properties of d- and f-block elements.
- These solutions are crucial for exam preparation, as they cover the essential topics and question patterns.
In essence, this chapter and its solutions are vital for a comprehensive understanding of the transition and inner-transition elements, which play significant roles in various chemical processes and industrial applications.
